Preparation of
Gentian Violet Solution
Gentian
violet solution contains 0.95 – 1.05g of gentian violet in each
100ml, calculated as hexamethyl para-rosaniline chloride
(C25H30Cl-N3). It is known as liquor
Methylrosalinae Chloridi.
Formula:
Gentian
Violet 10g
Alcohol
100ml
Purified
Water, qs ________
To make 1000ml
Preparation:
Dilute
the alcohol with 800ml of water, dissolve the gentian violet by
agitation and add sufficient quantity of purified water to make
1000ml and mix.
Possible
Uses:
Anthelmintic
useful in the treatment of Strangyloides exyuris infestations in
adult, dose of 65mg in 3 times daily before meals. Anti-infective for
direct application to tissue in concentration of 1:500 to 1:1000.
For instillation in closed cavities a 1:10,000 solution is employed.
Treats Vincents angina, cystitis, and urethritis, suppurating joint
infections, eczematoid dermatitis furunculosis, recurrent
dermatomycosis, monilial paronychia, chronic ulcers, bed sores,
impetigo, infectiosa, puritis ani, etc. The drug has been outmoded by
antibiotics and systemic antibacterial drugs. A 1% solution is
sprayed over burned tissue at 2 hour intervals.
Preparation of Magnesium Citrate Solution NF
Synonyms:
Liquor Magnesii Citratis; Citrate of Magnesia; “Citrate”.
Formula:
Magnesium
Carbonate 15g
Citric
Acid (anhydrous) 24.4g
Syrup 60ml
Talc 5g
Lemon
Oil 0.1ml
Potassium
bicarbonate 2.5g
Purified
Water, q.s. _________
To
make 350ml
Note:
An amount of citric acid containing 1 molecule of hydration,
equivalent to 27.4g of anhydrous citric acid, may be used in the formula.
Preparation:
Dissolve the citric acid in 150ml of hot water, add the magnesium
carbonate previously mixed with syrup, heat the mixed liquids to
boiling, immediately add the lemon oil previously triturated with
talc. Filter the mixture while hot into a bottle (previously rinsed
with boiling purified water) of suitable capacity. Add sufficient
quantity of the boiled purified water to make 350ml. Stopper with
purified cotton, allow to cool, add potassium bicarbonate and
immediately stopper the bottle. Shake the solution occasionally until
KHCO3 is dissolved. Keep the bottle on its side in a cool
place, preferably in a refrigerator.
Possible
Use: Saline cathartic.
Remarks:
The KHCO3 may be replaced by 2.1g of NAHCO3
preferably in tablet form and may further carbonated by the use
of CO2, under pressure. Stability is improved by adjusting
the quantity of MgCO3 for each 350ml of solution so that it
corresponds to 6g of MgO and by sterilizing the solution after it has
been bottled. Proper amount of citric acid is used to allow for an
excess after the neutralization of MgCO3. An excess is necessary to
react with the HCO3 added to form CO2 which gives flavor and
therapeutic effectiveness through formation of alkali citrates.
Precipitation on standing is increased by the presence of sucrose and
CO2 and decreased by sterilization of the finished product. If
sterilizers of the finished product are not available, stopper may be
sterilized by boiling with water for 20-30 minutes.
The
chemical reaction involved in the preparation may be represented by
the following equations:
- 5C3H4(OH)(COOH)3 + (MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2 + 5H2O → 4CO2 + 11H2O + 5C3H4(OH)(COOH)(COO)2Mg
- C3H4(OH)(COOH)3 + 3KHCO3 → C3H4(OH) (COOK)3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
Preparation of Potassium Iodide Solution NF
Synonym: Liquor Potassii Iodidi; Saturated Potassium Iodide Solution.
Formula:
Potassium Iodide 1000g
Purified Water, q.s. ________
To make 1000g
\
Preparation:
Dissolve
the potassium iodide in 680ml of hot purified water, cool to about
25◦C
and add sufficient quantity of purified water to make 1000ml, filter,
if necessary.
Note:
500mg
of sodium thiosulfate should be added to each liter if solution is
not to be used within short time.
Possible
Uses:
Can
be use in place of lugols solution for the treatment of goiter in the
dose of 0.3ml, 3 times daily. Formely in treatment of syphilis. A
0.3g of KI with a glassful of water, every 2 hours is used as saline
expectorant in bronchitis and asthma where it afford relief by
liquifying tenacious sputum. Usual dose is 0.3ml or equivalent of
300mg of KI.
Ringer's
Solution NF
Synonyms:
Ringers Solution No. I USP XIV; Compound Injection of Sodium
Chloride.
Definition:
Ringer's
Solution contains in each 100ml, 820 – 900mg of NaCl, 25 – 35mg
of KCl, 30 – 36mg of CaCl2.2H20.
Formula:
Sodium
Chloride 8.6g
Potassium
Chloride 0.3g
Calcium
Chloride 0.33g
Purified
Water recently boiled, q.s. ________
To
make 1000ml
Preparation:
Dissolve
the three salts in sufficient quantity of recently boiled purified
water, filter and complete the volume.
Possible
Uses:
A
physiological salt solution for topical application.
Caution:
Do not use Ringer's solution for parenteral administration or in
preparation to be used parenterally.
Preparation
of Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate Solution NF
Synonyms:
Liquor Argenti Nitratis Ammoniacalis; Ammoniacal silver Nitrate,
Howe.
Definition:
Solution
of silver diamino nitrate (diamine silver nitrate, Ag(NH3)2NO2),
containing in each 100g the equivalent of 28.5 – 30.5 g of Ag or 9
– 9.7 g of NH3
Formula:
Silver
Nitrate 704g
Purified
Water 245ml
Strong
Ammonia Solution, about _680ml_
To
make 1000ml
Preparation:
Powder
the AgNO3 in a glass mortar and dissolve it in purified
water, warming if necessary. Cool to room temperature and through a
burette add strong ammonia solution until all but the last trace of
black precipitate is dissolved. Filter off the last trace of
precipitate.
Possible
Uses and Dose:
Applied
to infected areas in tooth cavities, to produce a deposit of finely
divided metallic silver which acts as germicide and dental
protective. Topically mix the solution with reducing agent such as
formaldehyde solution (1 in 10) or eugenol, to deposit the metallic
silver, in a state of fine subdivision in the desired area of the
tooth.
Preparation
of Sodium Chloride Solution USP
Synonyms:
Liquor Sodii Chloridi; Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution No. 2
USP XIV.
Definition:
A sterile solution of NaCl in purified water containing 0.85 – 0.95
of NaCl.
Formula:
Sodium
Chloride 9g
Purified
Water, q.s. ________
To
make 1000ml
Preparation:
Dissolve the NaCl in sufficient quantity of purified water to make
1000ml, filter until clear. Place in suitable container and
sterilize.
Possible
Uses:
A
physiological salt solution for topical application.
Caution:
Do not use NaCl solution for parenteral administration or other
preparation to be used parenterally.
Sodium
Hypochlorite Solution NF
Synonym:
Liquor Sodii Hypochloritis; Chlorox
Caution:
Solution is not suitable for application on wounds.
Preparation:
- Formerly made by reacting chlorinated lime with sodium carbonate followed by filtration.
CaCl2O + Na2CO3 →
CaCO3 +
NaCl + NaClO
Calcium Chloride Sodium Calcium Sodium Sodium
Hypochlorite Carbonate Carbonate Chloride Hypochlorite
There
is a formation of insoluble calcium carbonate, while the solution
contains sodium hypochlorite and sodium chloride.
- At present it is mad by passing the proper quantity of chlorine gas into a cold solution of NaOH or Na2CO3.
2NaOH + Cl2 →
NaClO + NaCl + H2O
Sodium Chlorine Sodium Sodium Water
Hydroxide Hypochlorite Chloride
The
NaOH must be kept cool during the passing of chloride otherwise
chlorate will be formed instead of hypchlorite.
- Passing direct current of electricity through a Sodium Chloride Solution. By passing current, chlorine is given off at the anode and NaOH is formed in the cathode, and if the cell is so constructed that the 2 are permitted to react with each other at ordinary temperature, sodium hypochlorite and sodium chloride are produced.
Uses:
Powerful
disinfectant, deodorant and bleaching agent. Used for disinfecting
milk cans and other dairies apparatus. It is diluted in the
preparation of diluted hypochlorite solution (Dakin's Solution).
Diluted
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution NF
Synonyms:
Liquor Sodii Hypochloritis Dilutus; Surgical Chlorinated Soda
Solution; Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae Chirurgicalis; Modified
Dakin's Solution.
Formula:
Sodium
Hypochlorite Solution 1000ml
Sodium
Bicarbonate
Purified
Water, of each q.s.
Preparation:
Add
to sodium hypochlorite solution, 500ml of purified water and 40ml of
5% solution of NaHCO3
in cold water, mix well, take 20ml of the mixture, add about 20mg of
powdered phenolphthalein and shake gently for 2 minutes. If red color
appear add more NaHCO3
solution and test with powdered phenolphthalein as described,
repeating the procedure until no red color is produced. Assay and
dilute with sufficient quantity of purified water to make the final
solution contain, in each 100ml, 480mg of NAClO.
Possible
Uses: In suppurating
wounds, often by continuous irrigation. It exerts its germicidal
action and dissolves necrotic tissue. It is a deodorant and sometimes
employed as foot bath in epidermophytosis.
Remarks:
Solution
should be freshly prepared. It is important that the strength of this
preparation be accurately adjusted and should be tested if kept for
more that a few days.
Preparation
Sodium Phosphate Solution NF
Synonym:
Liquor Sodii Phosphatis.
Formula:
Sodium
Phosphate 755g
Citric
acid 130g
Glycerin 150ml
Purified
Water, q.s. _________
To
make 1000ml
Preparation:
Dissolve
the sodium phosphate and citric acid in 150ml water, add the
glycerin. Digest on a steam bath until solution is effected. Filter
and pass sufficient quantity of purified water through the filter to
make the product 1000ml.
Possible
Uses: Saline
Cathartic.
Remarks:
400g
of desiccated sodium phosphate may be used in place of 755g of sodium
phosphate in the formula. This alternative needs 500ml of water
instead of the 150ml. Citric acid prevents the salt from
crystallizing and the glycerin assists in its preparation, especially
in preventing development of microorganism.
