IPP REVENUE HITS

Saturday, January 17, 2015

Liniments



Liniments are solutions or mixture of various substances in oil, alcoholic solution of soap, or emulsions, intended for external application. They are applied with rubbing to the affected areas and that is why they were once called embrocations.

Dental liniments are solutions of active substances which are rubbed into the gums, but they are no longer official.

Liniments are usually applied to the skin with friction and rubbing, the oil and soap base providing for ease of application and massage. Alcoholic liniments are intended generally for their rubefacient, counterirritant, mildly astringent and penetrating effects. They penetrate the skin readily than the oil base. Therefore, oily liniments are milder in their action but are more useful when massage is desired. Some liniments are solely used as protective coating depending on the ingredients in the preparation. Liniments should not be applied on bruises and broken skin.

Liniments usually contain methyl salicylate, menthol and camphor in their preparations.



Example of Liniments and Their Preparation
 
Camphor Liniment, NF, BP

Other Names: Linimentum Camphoras or Camphorated Oil

Formula:

Camphor                  200 g
Cottonseed Oil         800 g
          To make        1000 g

Preparation
Place the cottonseed oil into a suitable dry flask or bottle, heat on a steam bath, add camphor and stopper the container securely. Agitate to dissolve the camphor without further heating.

Uses: Mild counterirritant for inflamed joints, sprains, rheumatism and in other inflammatory conditions such as cold in throat and chest, in infants and children.

Remarks: The liniment should never be prepared in an open dish, as much of the camphor will volatilize. Although “camphorated oil” is often applied to this liniment and also frequently to indicate “Camphor Injection” a sterile 10% solution of camphor in olive oil or other fixed oil and which is used hypodermically as a stimulant. The two products must not be confused.


Camphor and Soap Liniment, NF

Other Names: Linimentum Camphorae et Saponis, Soap Liniment, Liquid Opodeldoc and Camphorated Tincture of Soap.

Formula:
Camphor, in small pieces               45 g
Soap, dried and granulated             60 g
Rosemary Oil                                10 ml
Alcohol                                         700 ml
Purified Water, q.s.                    ________
          To make                             1000 ml

Preparation:
Dissolve camphor and rosemary oil in alcohol, add the soap and sufficient quantity of purified water to measure 1000ml. Agitate to dissolve the soap, set aside in a cool place for 24 hours and filter.

Uses: Local irritant, mild rubefacient, and weak local anesthetic for sprains, bruises and rheumatism. It also forms the basis for other liniments.

Remarks: The official hard soap should be used; soap made from animal oils will cause felatinization. If soap shaving from bar soap are used, dry thoroughly and then run thru a mill or grater.


Chloroform Liniment, NF

Other Name: Linimentum Chloroformi

Formula:

Chloroform                                   300 ml
Camphor and Soap Liniment        700 ml
            To make                           1000 ml

Preparation: Mix the ingredients by agitation

Uses: Applied to the skin as stimulant and rubefacient for the production of counterirritation in the treatment and relief of myalgias, neuralgias, and certain forms of involvement of joints and particular structures.

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