Insulin Injection, USP, BP,
PhI.
Other Name: Injectio Insulin; Insulin; Insulin Hydrochloride;
Iletin (Lilly).
Definition: A sterile, acidified solution of the active
principles of the pancreas which affects the metabolism of glucose.
Description: Colorless or almost colorless liquid when
containing in each milliliter not more than 100 USP Units. When contain 500 USP
Units it may be straw – colored. It is substantially free from turbidity and
from insoluble matter. When determined through potentiometrically, the pH of
the injection is between 2.5 and 3.5.
Uses: The specific therapeutic use of insulin is
in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Also it is used in the treatment of
underweight individuals, the purpose being to stimulate the appetite by
lowering the level of blood sugar.
Dose: 5 to 100 USP Units; usual, subcutaneous,
according to the needs of the patient.
Isophane Insulin Suspension, USP, BP
Other Names:
Isophane Insulin; Isophane Insulin Injection; NPH Insulin; NPH Iletin (Lilly).
Definition:
Isophane Insulin Suspension is a sterile suspension, in a buffered water
medium, of insulin made from zinc – insulin crystals modified by the addition
of protamine in a manner such that the solid phase of the suspension consists
of crystals composed of insulin, protamine and zinc. Protamine is prepared from
sperm or from the mature testes of fish belonging to the genus Oncorhychus
Suckley, or Salmo Linne (Family Salmonidae) and conforms to the regulations of
the Federal Food and Drug and Administration concerning certification of drugs
composed wholly or partly of insulin.
To
prepare Isophane Insulin Suspension, sufficient insulin is used to provide
either 40 to 80 USP Units for each milliliter of suspension.
Description:
White suspension of rod – shaped crystals approximately 30 microns in length
and free from large aggregates of crystals following moderate agitation.
Use:
Intermediate – acting insulin preparation used for the treatment of diabetes
mellitus. Action of this suspension begins in 1 to 2 hours, reaches a peak in
10 – 20 hours and lasts 28 – 30 hours.
Protamine Zinc Insulin Suspension, USP, BP,
PhI.
Other Names:
Injectio Zinco Insulinae Protaminati; Protamine Zinc Insulin; Protamine Zinc
Insulin Injection; Protamine Zince and Iletin (Lilly).
Definition:
it is a sterile suspension, in a buffered water medium, of insulin modified by
the addition of zinc chloride and protamine. The protamine is the same as that
used in Isophane Insulin and it follows the same regulations of the Federal
Food and Drug Administration. Insulin used is the same amount as that of
Isophane Insulin.
Uses:
Due to the slower onset of action (4 to 6 hours) this insulin need not be given
with any definite time relation to food intake, and it must not be depended
upon when very prompt action is needed, as in diabetes acidosis and coma. Also,
because of the prolonged action (24 to 36 hours) the protamine zinc insulin
need not be given more than one daily, but this should be done at a fairly
uniform, scheduled time. The dose should be adjusted continues to demonstrate
activity for 3 to 4 days.
Protamine
zinc insulin and the more rapidly acting insulin have been mixed in various
proportions and in different ways. Such variation produces mixtures that give
intermediate patterns of speed and duration of physiological activity. This
method, however, makes it possible through
the long acting insulin to take care of the sugar requirements during
the night, while the short – acting insulin cause full utilization of food
taken during the day.
Insulin Zinc Suspension, USP, BP, PhI.
Synonyms:
Lente Insulin; Lente Iletin (Lilly): Clinica
Definition: A
sterile suspension in a buffered water medium, of insulin modified by the
addition of zinc chloride in such that the solid phase of the suspension consists
of a mixture of crystals and amorphous insulin in a ration of approximately 7
parts of crystals to 3 parts of amorphous material.
Sufficient
insulin is used to provide either 40 or 80 USP Insulin Units for each
milliliter of the suspension.
Uses:
Due to the slowness with which the large crystals dissolve the crystalline zinc
insulin has a duration of action longer than 36 hours, while the “amorphous” has a duration of 12 to 16 hours. An appropriate
dose of the 3:7 mixture used in Insulin Zinc Suspension has an immediate
duration of action which is very close to that of Isophane Insulin Suspension
(28 to 30 hours) with which it may be used interchangeably. Zinc Insulin
Suspension has an advantage of its freedom from foreign proteins such as globin
or protamine to which certain patients are sensitive.
Dose: Subcutaneous, 10 to 80 USP Units; usual,
according to the needs of the patient.
Extended Insulin Zinc
Suspension, USP
Other Name: Ultra – Lente Iletin (Lilly).
Definition: A sterile suspension, in a buffered water
medium, of insulin modified by the addition of zinc chloride in a manner such
that the solid phase of suspension is crystalline.
Sufficient insulin is used to provide either 40 or 80 USP Units for each
milliliter of the suspension.
Uses: The crystals of the suspension are of
sufficient size to have a slow rate of dissolution. For the same reason the
duration of action is usually in excess of 36 hours which is slightly longer
than that of Protamine Zinc Insulin. Because Extended Insulin Zinc Suspension
is free of Protamine and other foreign proteins, the incidence of allergic
reactions is minimized.
The dose should be individualized to the patient on the basis of a study
of response of blood and urine glucose to trial doses of the drug. The
suspension is given by deep subcutaneous injection.
Dose: Subcutaneous, 10 to 80 USP Units; usual,
according to the needs of the patient.
Prompt Insulin Zinc
Suspension, USP
Other Name: Semi – Lente Iletin (Lilly).
Definition: Prompt Insulin Zinc Suspension is a sterile
suspension, in a buffered water medium, of insulin modified by the addition of
zinc chloride in a manner such that the solid phase of the suspension is
amorphous.
Sufficient insulin is used to provide either 40 or 80 USP Units of
Insulin for each milliliter of the suspension.
Uses: Zinc Insulin in this suspension is mixture
of amorphous and extremely fine crystalline materials, thus the rate of
dissolution is nearly maximal for the substance. But still the rate is slow
enough that the suspension has a duration of action (12 to 16 hours) comparable
to that the Globin Zinc Insulin. The incidence of allergic reactions is
essentially free of foreign proteins.
Like the Insulin Zinc Suspension and Extended Insulin Zinc Insulin
Suspension, the dose needs to be individualized to the patient on the basis of
study of responses of the blood and urine glucose to trial doses of the drug.
