- Action on the Different Enzymes
- Alteration of the activity of enzymes by activation or inhibition. Activation such as anti-epileptic drug that stimulates the production of GABA to depress the CNS. Inhibition whether it is competitive (e.g. physostigmine) or non-competitive (e.g. malathion or parathion).
- Suppression of Gene Formation
- Very useful in anti-neoplastic drugs because drug action is suppressing the production of RNA or DNA that helps to control cancer to proliferate. Example is methotrexate that inhibits purine bases formation.
- Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
- Importantly to the action of antibiotics against microorganisms that able to destroy their protein cell wall that protects them from being harmed.
- Inhibition of Enzymes Catalyzed Reactions
- Known to be antimetabolite action because it inhibit the enzymes to act into the receptor resulting to no reaction process. Best example is anti-tumors and antibiotics.
- Formation of Chelation
- The ligand usually binds to metal to induce elimination of metals or substances that are not needed by the body. Example is EDTA to lead (Pb).
- Action on Cell Membranes
- B) Alters the entry or exit of ions that induces a state of hyperpolariztion or hypopolarization. Examples are Calcium Channel Blockers, Digoxin and Lidocaine.
A)
Alters the permeability of the cell membrane leading to leakage of
cellular contain and eventually burst. Example is Nystatin against
fungi.
- Action on Neurohomones (Neurotransmitters)
- Alternation of the rate of synthesis, release or the neurotransmitters action itself. Examples are carbidopa, amphitamine and propranolol.
- Physical or Chemical Interactions
- Acts physically or chemically to the body or substances to produce action. Such as antacids that neutralize hyperacidity and Mg salts to cause osmotic cathartic.
- Non-Specific Action
- Examples are action of general anesthetic in the body.
