ANSWER TO THE QUESTION

These are the answers to the questions yesterday:
1. c. - Isoxsuphrine (Duvadilan), a tocolytic agent.
2. d. - Methyldopa, which is converted in the brain to alpha-methylnorepinephrine.
3. e. - Beta-2 stimulation
4. d. - Beta-1
5. c. - Dopamine apart from stimulating beta-1 receptors, stimulates D1 receptors causing increased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. This may be useful in patients with acute renal insufficiency.

METHYLERGOMETRINE MALEATE NOW AN ETHICAL DRUG

Yes guys! What you have read is true, yet, the memorandum letter has not distributed, but exactly last year it was removed from the  list of dangerous drugs in the Philippines. I had called twice the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) to confirm this issue and it was confirmed that Methylergometrine maleate, in any brand, whether in a form of 125mcg tab or 200mcg/ml amp is now an official ethical drug. In addition to their confirmation, the informer told me that the drug can now be dispensed with or without S2 no. written on the prescription. Moreover, I asked him if I should write on the dangerous drug book, but the reply was not necessarily up to now. I had also a chance to verify it from the FDA Philippines through their officer. The officer told me that the issue is true and valid. I will guarantee you to post the memorandum letter if I have the copy already.

HAPPY NEW YEAR EVERYBODY!
HOPE YOUR FINGERS ARE STILL COMPLETE.

Pharmacy Question:

Pharmacology Category:
1.Which of the following agents is classified as a selective direct-acting beta-2 agonist?
a. Proprnolol
b. Methoxamine
c. Isoxsuphrine
d. Prazosin
e. Ephedrine

2. In terms of mechanism of action, which of the following drugs most closely resembles that of Clonidine?
a. Phenylephrine
b.Reserpine
c.Guaethidine
d.Methyldopa
e. Amlodipine

3. A given adrenergic agent induces uterine relaxation and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. These effects can be attributed to:
a. Alpha-1 stimulation
b. Alpha-2 stimulation
c. Beta-1 inhibition
d. Beta-1 stimulation
e. Beta-2 stimulation

4. What is the dominant adrenergic receptor in the heart?
a. Dopamine-1
b. Alpha-1
c. Alpha-2
d. Beta-1
e. Beta-2

5. Which of the following inotropic agents is most useful for patients with acute heart failure complicated by acute reduction in creatinine clearance?
a. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Dopamine
d. Dobutamine
e. Digitalis


Answers will be seen tomorrow with proper explanation.

MEDICINES THAT USE IN NORMAL SPONTANEOUS DELIVERY (NSD) IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING 

by tacio

I just want to blog about the medicines that are continuously used during and after childbirth in the Philippines. These medicines are given to mothers to facilitate their labors and sometimes help them not to feel the pain. The medicines are classified according to the action that they provide. First is the antibiotic. The commonly antibiotic used is the Ampicillin sodium 250mg, 500mg or 1g vial, usually a loading dose of 2g is necessary to fight infection during labor. In most fatal cases, Cefuroxime sodium 750mg or 1.5g vial has been given to prevent multiplication of harmful infections and the risk of death. The loading dose for this drug is 1.5g. The second classifications are the oxytocics, these drugs help to contract the uterine and accelerate the expulsion of the infant from the womb. Drugs such as Oxytocin and Methylergometrine maleate are drugs capable to perform such activity. Oxytocin can be obtained in 10 iu in 1ml, and Methylergometrine maleate 200mcg/ml. The doses that can be given to the patient are depending on the physician's order and/or the gravity of the patient's case. The last drugs' classification is the sedative-hypnotics and analgesics. In these categories the laboring mothers will not feel any pain during the operation because of the pain relieving action of Nabuphine HCl 10mg/1ml amp. During also the procedure Midazolam 5mg/ml, 10mg/2ml or 15mg/3ml amp is being injected to the patient to sedate her, so that she will not be aware to what is happening. The doses also depend of the doctor's order and the gravity of the patient's case. Also Promethazine HCl 25mg/ml amp is always given to augment the action of the Midazolam. The Intravenous fluid that necessarily to sustain the mothers' hydration and that the drugs will be supplied to the patient is 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution (D5LRS 1L). The medicines introduced in this article are based on the prescription orders of the OB-Gyne doctors in the Mandaluyong City Medical Center (MCMC), and may vary depending on the doctor's orders and hospital that the laboring mother is admitted. Moreover, this article does not generalize that the drugs herein are the official medicines used for childbirth. For more information and questions you may leave your queries in the comments so that it will be answered.  MEDICINES THAT USED IN NORMAL SPONTANEOUS DELIVERY (NSD) IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING  I just want to blog about the medicines that are continuously used during and after childbirth in the Philippines. These medicines are given to mothers to facilitate their labors and sometimes help them not to feel the pain. The medicines are classified according to the action that they provide. First is the antibiotic. The commonly antibiotic used is the Ampicillin sodium 250mg, 500mg or 1g vial, usually a loading dose of 2g is necessary to fight infection during labor. In most fatal cases, Cefuroxime sodium 750mg or 1.5g vial has been given to prevent multiplication of harmful infections and the risk of death. The loading dose for this drug is 1.5g. The second classifications are the oxytocics, these drugs help to contract the uterine and accelerate the expulsion of the infant from the womb. Drugs such as Oxytocin and Methylergometrine maleate are drugs capable to perform such activity. Oxytocin can be obtained in 10 iu in 1ml, and Methylergometrine maleate 200mcg/ml. The doses that can be given to the patient are depending on the physician's order and/or the gravity of the patient's case. The last drugs' classification is the sedative-hypnotics and analgesics. In these categories the laboring mothers will not feel any pain during the operation because of the pain relieving action of Nabuphine HCl 10mg/1ml amp. During also the procedure Midazolam 5mg/ml, 10mg/2ml or 15mg/3ml amp is being injected to the patient to sedate her, so that she will not be aware to what is happening. The doses also depend of the doctor's order and the gravity of the patient's case. Also Promethazine HCl 25mg/ml amp is always given to augment the action of the Midazolam. The Intravenous fluid that necessarily to sustain the mothers' hydration and that the drugs will be supplied to the patient is 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution (D5LRS 1L). The medicines introduced in this article are based on the prescription orders of the OB-Gyne doctors in the Mandaluyong City Medical Center (MCMC), and may vary depending on the doctor's orders and hospital that the laboring mother is admitted. Moreover, this article does not generalize that the drugs herein are the official medicines used for childbirth.