IPP REVENUE HITS

Saturday, March 30, 2013

Hints on Answering Board Exam Questions

Most candidates of board exam practically aim the right answer to each question. Sometimes the right attitude in answering a question is needed to fully understand and choose the correct answer. Probably the candidate who is able to review well pass the board exam; unless luck is with you no matter what happens you will pass. Hints, as it is not connected to the questions and answers, maybe helpful to choose the right answer. Following the guidelines given down list might save you from failing.
  1. Answer all questions. Do not leave it blank.
  2. Your first choice is usually your best answer.
  3. Do not change your answer unless you are convinced that your first choice is wrong.
  4. It is a good practice to read every question prudently and mark your answer before going on to the next question. If you are doubtful of the answer, avoid staying and reading the question over and over again. Leave it out and go on to the next question. Put an asterisk mark in the margin to remind you that the question was left unanswered.
  5. When you have finished the examination, go back to the unanswered questions. Do not reread those questions that you believe you have already answered correctly this might confuse you and eventually convince you to change your answer.
  6. When reviewing the questions that you went back, you can usually do elimination for several choices immediately as being correct. On a multiple-choice question, this will leave you with two or three selections. Make the most logical choice, even with two possible choices you have a 50:50 chance of getting it right. This is much better than guessing from five selections where your chances of guessing correctly are only one in five. Once you have marked your selection leave it alone and go on to the next unanswered question. If you have no idea of which answer is correct, do not guess either the first or last choice.
  7. Whenever a problem solving or calculation is being asked put in mind that ratio and proportion is the general formula for almost drug solving problems. If possible familiarize the weights and volumes conversion table and some important pharmaceutical formulas.
  8. For calculations, rounded off or exact answers are usually the choices. Solving needs the correct formula to lead you to the correct answer, wrong formula's answer may be one of the choices and you able to choose it. The examinee should be aware in this case and be prepared when taking board exam.
However, most of the given guidelines are only applicable for those questions that are not familiar to you or guess at an answer. When you know the answer do not hesitate to choose it. Never mind the tricks of the question. Because there is only one best answer that you looking for. Avoid too much interpretation of the answer or look for hidden meanings. Best answer can be picked through simple selection.

Hints:
Clang association: repetition of a word, phrase, or sounding the question and in the choice.
Example:
The use of beta-blocker agents in the blood is ___________.
A. To decrease blood pressure level
B. To decrease cholesterol level
C. To equalize electrolytes
D. To cause dyspnea
Hint: The word blood in the question and one of the options, A.


Specific determiners: Words such as “never” and “always” mean just that –never and always. If there is a possibility of an exception, then choices will not be correct.
Example:
Which of the following is the characteristic of water?
A. It boils always to 100oC in any altitude.
B. Never transforms to gas
C. It becomes solid when it reached 0oC.
D. Miscible to tannins and acacia.
Hint: A and B contain the specific determiners always and never; D is obviously wrong because of the word miscible, C is the correct answer.


Length hints: Correct answer is always longer than other choices. Be aware though, that it could mislead you.
Example:
The term “adverse effect” of a drug refers to _________.
A. Additional benefits of the drug
B. Potentiate other drug action
C. Any action of a drug in the body other than the one the doctor wanted the drug to have
D. Action of the drug
Hint: The choice C is a lengthy clue.


Grammatical inconsistency: This could occur when the incorrect choices do not follow grammatical rules.
Example:
The function red blood cells is to ___________.
A. Carry oxygen to the cells
B. Conveying food to the cells
C. Clotting of the blood
D. Fighting disease
Hint: The to in the stem is the clue. A, the word carry is grammatically correct.


Monday, March 25, 2013

USP Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Acidifying Agent
Acetic acid
Acetic acid,
Citric acid
Fumaric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, diluted
Malic acid
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid, diluted
Propionic acid
Sulfuric acid
Tartaric acid


Aerosol Propellant
Butane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Isobutane
Propane
Trichloromonofluoromethane


Air Displacement
Denatonium benzoate
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Sucrose Octaacetate


Alkalizing Agent
Ammonia solution, strong
Ammonium carbonate
Diethanolamine
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium borate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Trolamine


Antifoaming Agent
Dimethicone
Simethicone


Antimicrobial Preservative
Benzalkonium chloride
Benzalkonium chloride solution
Benzoic acid
Benzyl alcohol
Butylparaben
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Chlorobutanol
Chlorocresol
Cresol
Dehydroacetic acid
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Methylparaben sodium
Phenol
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercuric nitrate
Potassium benzoate
Potassium sorbate
Propylparaben
Propylparaben sodium
Sodium benzoate
Sodium dehydroacetate
Sodium propionate
Sorbic acid
Thimerosal
Thymol


Antioxidant
Ascorbic acid
Ascrobyl palmitate
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Hypophosphorus acid
Monothioglycerol
Potassium metabisulfite
Propyl gallate
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium thiosulfate
Sulfur dioxide
Tocopherol
Tocopherols excipient


Buffering Agent
Acetic acid
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium phosphate
Boric acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid
Phosphoric acid
Potassium citrate
Potassium metaphosphate
Potassium phosphate, monobasic
Sodium acetate
Sodium citrate
Sodium lactate solution
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, monobasic


Bulking Agent for Freeze-Drying
Creatinine
Mannitol


Chelating Agent
Edetate disodium
Edetic acid


Coating Agent
Carboxymethylcellulose, sodium
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate phthalate
Ethylcellulose
Gelatin
Glaze, pharmaceutical
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
Methacrylic acid copolymer
Methylcellulose
Polyethylene glycol
Polyvinyl acetate phthalate
Shellac
Sucrose
Titanium dioxide
Wax, carnauba
Wax, microcystalline
Zein


Color
Caramel
Ferric oxide, red, yellow, black, or blends


Complexing Agent
Edatate disodium
Edetic acid
Gentisic acid ethanolamine
Oxyquinoline sulfate


Desiccant
Calcium chloride
Calcium sulfate
Silicon dioxide


Emulsifying and/or Solubilizing Agent
Acacia
Cholesterol
Diethanolamine (adjunct)
Glyceryl monostearate
Lanolin alcohols
Lecithin
Mono- and di-glycerides
Monoethanolamine (adjunct)
Oleic acid (adjunct)
Oleyl alcohol (stabilizer)
Poloxamer
Polyethylene 50 stearate
Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil
Polyoxyl 10 oleyl ether
Polyoxyl 20 cetostearyl ether
Polyoxyl 40 stearate
Polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 40
Polysorbate 60
Polysorbate 80
Propylene glycol diacetate
Propylene glycol monostearate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Sodium stearate
Sorbitan monolaurate
Sorbitan monoleate
Sorbitan Monopalmitate
Sorbitan Monostearate
Stearic acid
Trolamine
Wax, emulsifying


Filter Aid
Cellulose, Powdered
Siliceous earth, purified


Flavors and Perfumes
Anethole
Benzaldehyde
Ethyl vanillin
Menthol
Methyl salicylate
Monosodium glutamate
Peppermint
Peppermint oil
Peppermint spirit
Rose oil
Rose water, stronger
Thymol
Vanillin


Glidant and/or Anticaking Agent
Calcium silicate
Magnesium silicate
Silicon dioxide, colloidal
Talc


Humectant
Glycerin
Hexylene glycol
Propylene glycol
Sorbitol


Ointment Base
Lanolin
Ointment, hydrophilic
Ointment, White
Ointment, Yellow
Polyethylene glycol ointment
Petrolatum
Petrolatum, hydrophilic
Petrolatum, White
Rose water ointment
Squalene
Vegetable oil, hydrogenated, type II


Platicizer
Castor oil
Diacetylated monoglycerides
Dibutyl sebacate
Diethyl phthalate
Glycerin
Mono- and di-acetylated monoglycerides
Polyethylene glycol
Propylene glycol
Triacetin
Triethyl citrate


Polymer Membrane
Cellulose acetate


Sequestering Agent
Beta cyclodextrin


Solvent
Acetone
Alcohol
Alcohol, diluted
Amylene hydrate
Benzyl benzoate
Butyl alcohol
Corn oil
Cottonseed oil
Ethyl acetate
Glycerin
Hexylene glycol
Isopropyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Methylene chloride
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Mineral oil
Peanut oil
Polyethylene glycol
Propylene glycol
Sesame oil
Water for injection
Water for injection, sterile
Water for irrigation, sterile
Water, Purified


Sorbent
Cellulose, powdered
Charcoal
Siliceous earth, purified


Sorbent, Carbon Dioxide
Barium hydroxide lime
Soda lime


Stiffening Agent
Castor oil, hydrogenated
Cetostearyl alcohol
Cetyl alcohol
Cetyl esters wax
Hard fat
Paraffin
Synthetic paraffin
Stearyl alcohol
Wax, emulsifying
Wax, white
Wax, yellow


Suppository Base
Cocoa butter
Hard fat
Polyethylene glycol


Suspending and/or Viscosity-increasing Agent
Acacia
Agar
Alginic acid
Aluminum monostearate
Attapulgite, activated
Attapulgite, colloidal activated
Bentonite
Bentonite, purified
Bentonite, magma
Carbomer 910
Carbomer 934
Carbomer 934P
Carbomer 940
Carbomer 941
Carbomer 1342
Carboxymethylcellulose calcium
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium 12
Carrageenan
Cellulose, Microcrystalline, and Carboxymethylcellulose sodium
Dextrin
Gelatin
Guar gum
Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Magnesium aluminum silicate
Methylcellulose
Pectin
Polyethylene oxide
Polyvinyl alcohol
Povidone
Propylene glycol alginate
Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, colloidal
Sodium alginate
Tragacanth
Xanthan gum


Sweetening Agent
Aspartame
Dextrates
Dextrose
Dextrose excipient
Fructose
Mannitol
Saccharin
Saccharin calcium
Saccharin sodium
Sorbitol
Sorbitol solution
Sucrose
Sugar, compressible
Sugar, congectioner's
Syrup


Tablet Binder
Acacia
Alginic acid
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium
Cellulose, microcrystalline
Dextrin
Ethylcellulose
Gelatin
Glucose, liquid
Guar gum
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Methylcellulose
Polyethylene oxide
Povidone
Starch, pregelatinized
Syrup


Tablet and/or Capsule Diluent
Calcium carbonate
Calcium phosphate, dibasic
Calcium phosphate, tribasic
Calcium sulfate
Cellulose, microcrystalline
Cellulose, powdered
Dextrates
Dextrin
Dextrose excipient
Fructose
Kaolin
Lactose
Mannitol
Sorbitol
Starch
Starch, pregelatinized
Sucrose
Sugar, compressible
Sugar, confectioner's


Tablet Disintegrant
Alginic acid
Cellulose, microcrystalline
Croscarmellose sodium
Crospovidone
Polacrilin potassium
Sodium starch glycolate
Starch
Starch, pregelatinized


Tablet and/or Capsule Lubricant
Calcium stearate
Glyceryl behenate
Magnesium oil, light
Polyethylene glycol
Sodium stearyl fumarate
Stearic acid
Stearic acid, purified
Talc
Vegetable oil, hydrogenated, type I
Zinc stearate


Tonicity Agent
Dextrose
Glycerin
Mannitol
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride


Vehicle
  • FLAVORED AND/OR SWEETENED
Aromatic elixir
Benzaldehyde elixir, compound
Peppermint water
Sorbitol solution
Syrup


  • OLEAGINOUS
Almond oil
Corn oil
Cottonseed oil
Ethyl oleate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Mineral oil
Mineral oil, light
Myristyl alcohol
Octyldodecanol
Olive oil
Peanut oil
Safflower oil
Sesame oil
Soybean oil
Squalene


  • SOLID CARRIER
Sugar spheres


  • STERILE
Sodium chloride injection, bacteriostatic
Water for injection, bacteriostatic


Water Repelling Agent
Cyclomethicone
Dimethicone
Simethicone


Wetting and/or Solubilizing Agent
Benzalkonium chloride
Benzenthonium chloride
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Docusate sodium
Nonoxynol 9
Nonoxynol 10
Octoxynol 9
Poloxamer
Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil
Polyoxyl 50 stearate
Polyoxyl 10 oleyl ether
Polyoxyl 20 cetostearyl ether
Polyoxyl 40 stearate
Polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 40
Polysorbate 60
Polysorbate 80
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Sorbitan monolaurate
Sorbitan monooleate
Sorbitan monopalmitate
Sorbitan monostearate
Tyloxapol


Sunday, March 24, 2013

Foreign Pharmacy Exams

If you planning to work as pharmacist in abroad, especially in US, Canada or Australia, you are mandatory to take their pharmacy exams. As the pharmacy exam in the Philippines, the foreign pharmacy exams also require you to provide them valid documents to eligibly include you in list of candidates. Usually their prerequisites are graduated from recognized school of pharmacy with comparable four to five years in the degree of pharmacy, obtained and passed the English language test, and fully paid fees.


For US foreign pharmacy exam the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Examination (FPGEE), (initiated by National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP), which is an impartial professional organization in the United States that supports the state boards of pharmacy in creating uniform regulations to protect public health), will give and conduct the exam for foreign pharmacy takers. But should be qualified first by Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee (FPGEC), unable to meet the requirements of FPGEC understood to be that you are not qualified to take the FPGEE. The main requirement of FPGEC is:
  • If you graduated from an accredited school of pharmacy on or after January 1, 2003, you must have completed at least a five-year pharmacy curriculum. For example, a five-year BSc in pharmacy, a five-year BPharm, or a five or six-year PharmD. Post-graduate degrees and coursework are not meant to be qualified, but under evaluation. Unless the setting where the post-graduate degrees and coursework made is obtained or experienced in patient care in a clinical pharmacy practice setting.
    Or
  • If you graduated from an accredited school of pharmacy before January 1, 2003, you must have completed at least a four-year pharmacy curriculum.
When your application in FPGEC is approved, you will be entitled to take the exam for FPGEE. Retakers are welcomed and another application form FPGEC and FPGEE will be made.
For Canadian foreign pharmacy exam, your application and documents will be evaluated by Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC). Upon meeting the requirements and favorably passed the Document Evaluation your are given five years chance to pass the Pharmacy Evaluating Exam. Passing the Pharmacy Evaluating Exam initiated by PEBC does not guarantee you to practice pharmacy course in Canada, instead, the PEBC will send a copy of your Licensing Statement or Letter of Good Standing and endorse you to a provincial or territorial regulatory authority. The provincial or territorial regulatory authority will be the last authorized office to assess or test you if you are eligible to practice pharmacy in that province. English or French language test may not be required in PEBC, but may require by provincial or territorial regulatory authority.


If you plan to practice pharmacy in Australia, you should have to meet the requirements of Australian Pharmacy Council (APC). The Australian Pharmacy Council an independent accreditation agency for Australian pharmacy until July 2018, under the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme. Requirements needed are qualification from recognized tertiary institution that is considered by Australian Education International and the APC to be comparable to a four year pharmacy degree at an Australian university. If your qualification obtained prior to 1 January 2006, applicants should complete at least a three year program to be eligible. Overseas trained pharmacists must also be registered or be eligible for registration as a pharmacist in the country in which the qualification was obtained. English proficiency test are also must to complete for Knowledge Assessment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (KAPS) for Stream A and does not require for the Competency Assessment of Overseas Pharmacists (CAOP) examination for Stream B. Evaluation of documents will be done. Upon passing the evaluation and English proficiency test, you are entitled to take the exam in either KAPS or CAOP. Resit is allowed. After passing the KAPS or CAOP, supervised practice, internships, and written and oral exams will be conducted by Pharmacy Board of Australia prior to your registration.

For complete information of the foreign exams, please visit their respective websites.

Pharmacy practice is constantly changing and very dynamic. Many foreign pharmacists are aspiring to work abroad, especially the three countries tackled, but I may say that wherever you are, whatever you are the practice or setting is not different at all. There might be little difference in institution or jurisdiction, but across the world there is only one goal of pharmacy, which is to provide optimum health care to the people through drugs. Nonetheless, you are thinking for money it is not the continent that you are posted is the basis, but it is the personality and determination you do have to gain income in your own country.

Saturday, March 23, 2013

An Experience of Pharmacy Review

Being a graduate student of a course which has to gather and pass a licensure exam is a tough challenge to be able to practice and find a job proper to the degree you have earned. Facing the board exam is not that simple and easy. Yet, you need a big preparation before tackling the big challenge. Therefore, reviewing after graduating is the next step. If you are to take the exam you need to prepare a minimum of three months before the actual exam. Should that three months PRC application, reviewing and exam technically-wise have been finished and learned. So that on the moment of the board exam you are well prepared and knowledgeable.

On these days it is recommended to settle on a review center than to review on your own. Maybe because it is the latest trend. However, review centers give you higher chance to pass the board exam. I think the major advantage of them is they instill and supplement the knowledge you did not acquire from your college days. Admittedly, not everything is given or complete in college education. Review centers compacted and integrated all the topics and subjects in less than two months. Where everything about pharmacy is taught in very precise and easily comprehending method. They also give some hints and techniques during board exam proper. Some give mock exams or critical thinking lessons to emphasize learning to the reviewees. Final coaching is eventually the final review where review centers give the possible outcome answers or possible questions. These are the advantages that I think it would bring by review centers to the reviewees.


My Review Experienced
After graduating in Degree of Pharmacy I was dumbfounded to where review center should I enroll. Brex Pharmacy Review had been in our school to persuade students to review in crash course. Also another review center, the Manor Review Center, had spoken with us to enroll in their review course. That time I knew four review centers for pharmacy, they were Brex, Manor, Premier and Inress review centers. I do not know where to enroll, because factors such as my two pharmacist siblings were reviewed in Inress, and the preceding batch in our school had reviewed in Brex, Manor and some on Premier. I was very confused that time. Because my classmates and batch-mates had enrolled in Brex, I decided and enrolled on them too! I chose to have my review in Manila, because my family was there. To cut off big expenses to me compared when I review to Baguio City where I need to rent a house, spend for food and expected to do some washing of clothes and etc. 
 
Because I was new in Manila and I did not know the places yet. My sisters showed me the way to the Brex Review Center and the transportation I will ride. New faces and ambiance were the challenges to me. I made friends with other reviewees that came from prestigious universities in MetroManila. They were kind and smart, yet you cannot take away the fact that they were snobbish and arrogant. At first many were seen genius, but on the days towards the middle and last part of the review, I concluded that our knowledge and abilities were the same. So I was force to review more.


Actual Review
Brex Pharmacy Review is a review center that offers local and foreign pharmacy review. They provide reviews for local in two batches in June or January Pharmacy Board Exam. Brex tracks students abilities and performance in the stint of the review, and you can request for that information on how you keeping up on the review. They have daily records of students' entry each day, provide handouts, review materials and compiled old PACOP. They teach techniques, hints, information and what to do, so that students will facilely understand and analyze the board exam questions, and technical instructions and directions. The facilities then were very good. Air-conditioned rooms with complete visual effects, projectors, good sound system, enough monoblock chairs and many more. Reviewers, I can comment that their expertise and knowledge about the topics and subjects were excellent and precise. They were presentable and some gave jokes and icebreakers. Unlimited seat-ins and reviews even attending any subject many times or any batch or even in any location where they located. Subjects were tackled one by one and topics were studied prudently until students are able to catch up. Handouts were given to us and a free compiled Brex review book that was very useful in review. They conducted quizzes and tests whenever a topic or a subject is finished. I think what I like most is the critical thinking, which they provided the correct explanation and analysis why the answer is like that. Towards they end of the session all students took the mock exam, which was very similar to the actual pharmacy board exam, such as shading and time pressure. Also they told us that a so called “machine” will correct our test papers to facilitate checking of the test papers, and the results can be already achieved within 3 days, similar on the actual releasing of board exam result.
I did not attend the final coaching because I chose to review by my own. But they told us to attend on that event because a lot of things will be given and taught.
The thing I did not like on the review is that the facilitators are choosy and snubbing. The only entertain those who they know or students came from known universities.


Review Center Rating
For me because I reviewed in Brex Pharmacy Review, I may say that this is my the best review center and I give them 4.5 rating out of 5. I do not imply that other review centers are not good, but I just want to insinuate to readers, because I reviewed from Brex I give them my support. I do not know the strategies and methods of other review centers for pharmacy. May be they are better than Brex, however, it is the choice of the students. I am not even connected to Brex Pharmacy Review. I am just giving my opinion and experience. If you want to decide for the right review center for you feel free to ask others about their experience and why they chosen that review center. That would help you a lot.


Final Message
I remind every reviewee that choosing the best review centers does not guarantee you to pass the pharmacy board exam. It is you who still holds the key to reach the top of the beacon. Review centers are only information provider and strut you to achieve your goal. Your final answers are still powerful than their influence. So I advise you to concentrate on your review and give your big best to pass the exam, so that the title RPh will be reaped soon.

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Preparation of Sulfurated Lime Solution

Sulfurated Lime Solution is employed in externally treatment of ringworm infection, pediculosis and most frequently scabies by diluted with 9 volumes of water. A more concentrated lime sulfur solution, containing about 20% of sulfur is known as Lime Sulfur Sublimed, is used as insecticide in plants after dilution. It is known to its other names as Liquor calcis sulfuratae; Solution of Oxysulfuret of Calcium; Vlemincks solution or Vlemincks lotion.


Formula:

Calcium Hydroxide (Lime)                     165g
Sumblime Sulfur                                   250g
Water, q.s.                                         ________
       To make                                       1000ml


Preparation: Slake the lime (add water), mix the sulfur and add the mixture gradually to 1750ml of boiling water. Boil the mixture with frequent agitation until reduced to 1000ml and maintain this volume for one hour while boiling by addition of water from time to time. Cool, filter and add sufficient quantity of water through the filter to make the product measure 1000ml.

Remarks: The solution contains calcium pentasulfide and calcium thiosulfate as active ingredients.


12 S  +   3 Ca(OH)2     →      2 CaS5       +      CaS2O3      +   3 H2O
Sulfur    Calcium hydroxide              Calcium pentasulfide     Calcium thiosulfate          water


Preparation of Iodine Solutions

1. Preparation of Iodine Solution, NF

Synonym: Liquor Iodi.

Formula:
 
Iodine                               20g
Sodium Iodide                  24g
Purified Water, QS       _______
     To make                  1000ml


Preparation: Dissolve iodine and sodium iodide in 50ml purified water, then add sufficient quantity of water to make 1000ml.

Uses: Non-irritating germicide and fungicide.

 2. Preparation of Strong Iodine Solution

Synonyms: Liquor Iodi Fortis; Lugol Solution; Solutio Iodi Aquosa; Compound Iodine Solution.

Formula:

Iodine                              50g
Potassium Iodide            100g
Purified Water, qs         ______
      To make                 1000ml



Preparation: Dissolve the potassium iodide in 100ml purified water. Add the iodine, stir and add sufficient quantity of purified water to make 1000ml. KI is used to increase solubility of iodine.


Uses: In thyrotoxicosis to reduce the metabolic rate prior to operation on the thyroid. Given 0.3ml three times daily. It is also employed as germicide and fungicide.

Identification: One drop of strong iodine solution added to one ml starch T.S (previously diluted with 10ml of water) produces a deep blue color. Ignited residue form solution responds to test for potassium and for iodide.

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